Status of Women and Marriage Change Essay Example for Free

Status of Women and Marriage Change Essay The Medieval approach to the subject of marriage was entirely distinct and unlike our own. It is difficult to understand their view on married life, as it appears to us, in the modern day to be much more of a contract for the consolidation of estates and monetary gain rather than the love of two people. However the view of women in general was very  unlike the outlook of our contemporary society and to understand their view of marriage we must first understand the outlook of women in the Middle Ages.   Women are first mentioned in The Bible in Genesis 2:21-3. It is described how woman is created from the rib of man and how the man said  This at last is bone of my bones  and flesh of my flesh;  she shall be called Woman,   because she was taken out of man1. The following passages in The Bible describe the fall of Eve and the temptation of Adam. From the very first literature, women are depicted with less moral standing than men and are seen as the downfall of all good, honest Christians. Apostles such as St Paul and St Augustine are also seen to have a grave role in the shaping of the view of women in the Middle Ages. However condemnation of females was not only confined to the Christian Church, as we know it today. Constantine, who established the progressive Christainisation of the empire, discovered small yet troubled heresies among which was one called Gnostics. They believed that the created world was inferior to the spiritual one and as women are the creators in our world they were therefore automatically lesser in the eyes of the lord. Many Gnostic sets wished to discard the reproducing purposes of women and also believed that marriage was sent from the Devil. They are quoted as declaring Marrying and reproducing are said to be instigated by Satan However they did not just believe in this without any cause. Gnostics thought that if women abandoned their duty to procreate they would be worthy to preach, baptise and prophesy alongside men. There were already many prior instances of women taking on such roles within The Bible. However, most surprisingly was the vision of the female Christ. This was maintained by Montanist liturgies that had great worship for Eve as her first sin brought about the miracle of incarnation. So it is easy to see that womens role within this society was a perplexed and confused issue. There were so many different views from many different sects of Christianity, however what I am going to concentrate on is the view of the laywomen in the Middle Ages by the Christian church.  All women were expected to be married, even Nuns were the brides of Christ. Although it was expected, marriage was not the ideal state for a woman. The perfect form was virginity. Those women who preserved their virginity were exalted among others as they had not given in to temptation and from the stories of Eve its in the female nature to be tempted. Puritans wrote  Per mulierem culpa successit,  Per virginem salus evenit  Sin came from women,  But salvation through a virgin2  However even virginity could not bring a woman to the higher state that a man holds within the Christian Church of the early Middle Ages. Cyprian, a third century writer made virginity the distinguishing and unique mark of Christianity, which in turn made virginity a public affair as opposed to a private virtue. Cyprians later contemporary; Ambrose conceived the idea that there were only two types of women in the world. Those who led normal married lives which were tarnished by sexual intercourse and those who stood out from the rest, exceptional women who remained virgins. St Augustine held up the celibate marriage of the Virgin Mary as an ideal for all. Unfortunately pureness would be impossible for the masses. Interestingly, it was only female virginity that held such high esteem. Origen a second century monk castrated himself out of dedication to sexual purity and was punished by the church and excluded from priesthood as he was no longer whole. Female virginity was held in high reverence throughout the Middle Ages however this did change somewhat towards the latter part of this era. With the emergence of characters such as Alysoun in Chaucers The Canterbury Tales there was born a women who could play men at their own game. She could quote the Holy Scriptures, making them state that her way of life was viable. She in effect could turn around any criticism of her manner by means reserved only for men of the cloth. There was also an ideal of mutual freedom in marriage, which was conceived, in the late Middle Ages that would not have been imagined any earlier. Women were seen to take control of the household and hold an equal share of the responsibility within the home. Although their aging husbands may have to show them how to run their household, it was down to the lady to see that everything gets done. The man would provide his young bride with a conduct book explaining what she should do if he were to die suddenly, whether he thought it appropriate for her to re-marry. In addition to house rules and his preferences in the way his household was run.

College Athletics :: essays research papers fc

A Scientific Report On Whether Athletics Should Be Instated At Basten College An intercollegiate athletics program at Basten College would provide many positives for the college. We would like to focus on the benefits to the majority of your students which would be spectators and athletes. These include health benefits, social benefits, and the effects on politics and race. We would also like to address the problems associated with sports. After our presentation we hope you will be confident in the positive effects an intercollegiate program will have on your institute. There are obvious benefits to being an athlete, specifically those related to one’s health. Everybody should exercise at least three times a week in order to establish a healthy way of life. When one is part of a team, they are able to develop certain social skills that can benefit them throughout life. Also, participating in a sport can increase one’s level of self-esteem. â€Å"In selected patients with major depression, aerobic training can produce a substantial improvement in symptoms in a short time,† (Dimeo et. al., 5) However, as important as all that is, the majority of the population at Basten College will probably not be varsity athletes. The majority will be spectators and fans. There are three main benefits to being a spectator. The first is the effects on academics. According to Karla Henderson watching sports or athletic events increases endorphin release in the brain, resulting in a higher aptitude and concentration level. So students have the abil ity to focus longer and retain more information while studying or attending class. The second reason deals with female’s personal identity. According to Linda Marsa, â€Å"Participation in sports pays big dividends physically, psychologically, and emotionally. Extensive research shows that girls who are involved in athletics boost their self esteem; improve their physical fitness; do better academically; are less likely to drop out of school, do drugs, smoke or get pregnant; and are more able to weather the physical and emotional storms of adolescence.† The third reason is that it has been found that people who continually participate and associate with athletics, begin to relate facts and literature to sports, enabling them to commit the knowledge to long-term memory better. For example, let’s say Jon Doe loves baseball, specifically the New York Yankees. He watches his favorite team at every leisurely moment he can. At the same time, at his college, the Univer sity of Basten, he is having trouble in his statistics class.

Critiquing Internet Sources Essay

The internet is filled with information. Podcasts, videos, and blogs are the most used forms of information on the internet. Three factors that need to be used when evaluating internet sources for use in research are authority, can the speaker be authenticated, and is he qualified to speak on the subject, accuracy, can the information be found in other credible sources, and currency is the information current or when was the last revision to the page? The topic is Elder Abuse, a blog, video, and podcast, have been evaluated pertaining to the subject to show the credibility and reliability of the sources. A blog is a website containing a writer’s or group of writers’ own experiences, observations, opinions, etc., and often having images and links to other websites (Oxford Dictionaries, 2015). The blog Elder Care and Technology is written by a group of writers’ in the Walton Law Firm. The blog explains in detail the impact of modern technology on Elder Abuse. The law firm based in San Diego, California specializes in court cases representing abused elders and their families. The Law firm can be authenticated and has been successful in prosecuting and retaining damages against nursing homes and personal care homes for years (Walton Law Firm, 2014). The blog does show some bias against people and organizations accused of elder abuse. The information in the blog is accurate and valid, because there are links to the law firm site that confirm the blog’s content. The information is current and applicable to the topic of Elder Abuse. A video is the recording, reproducing, or broadcasting of moving visual images (Oxford Dictionaries, 2015). The video Elder Abuse: the Crime of the Twenty-First Century, was produced by The Stein Institute for Research on Aging. The guest speaker is Deputy District Attorney of San Diego County; Paul Greenwood J.D. Attorney Greenwood has prosecuted over  four-hundred felony cases of Elder Abuse, both physic al and financial. The video gives a detailed explanation of what is being done in the state of California to combat Elder Abuse. The speaker is biased towards the prosecuting of those who mistreat the elderly. Attorney Greenwood is a valid source and the information he shares in the video is applicable to this research. The video shares information that can be found in other resources and is just one in a series offered by The Stein Institute for Research on Aging to show the new ideas that the state of California is implementing to fight elder abuse. District Attorney Greenwood is a credible source for information because of his background in the fight against elder abuse. The video is informative and the speaker is clear and concise in his reporting of the facts. A podcast is a digital audio file made available on the internet for downloading to a computer or portable media player, typically as a series, new installments of which can be received by subscribers automatically (Oxford Dictionaries, 201 5). The New York City Elder Abuse center has a series of podcasts about Elder Justice. The center was erected in 2009 to improve professional, organizational, and system responses to elder abuse (NYCEAC, 2013). The most current podcast in the aging series is Ageism, Elder Justice, and The Legacy Project, each podcast has a guest speaker and the speaker on this podcast is Professor Karl Pillemer, a noted author, Director of Bronfenbrenner’s Center for Translational Research, Hazel E. Reed Professor in the Department of Human Development, Professor of Gerontology in Medicine at the Weill Cornell Medical Center, and a collaborator on the Legacy Project (Cornell University, 2015). Professor Pillemer is an expert on the issues of the elderly, and his qualified to express his opinions though somewhat biased in favor of the elderly. He uses his bias in a way that expresses the deep concern for the elderly and their treatment, which tends to sway one to favor his arguments. The podcast is one in a series of valid podcasts and the information is easily applied to this research. The information can also be found in other credible sources on the internet. The information given in blogs, videos, and podcasts are great examples of web-based information. Web-based information has a major influence on how students gather information for research, global citizenship, and multicultural understanding. Web-based information helps develop intercultural literacies that students, parents,  educators, and leadership groups need to live and work as a diverse and globalized population. Web-based information gives the user awareness of the interconnectedness with people and environments around the globe (Department of Education, 2013). Web-based information is being infused in today’s global history classroom curriculum to enable students to have access to the global network of multimedia information while being engaged in self-directed learning activities (Scheidel, 2003). Web-based information influences the understanding of global citizenship and multicultural understanding, because people are able to put themselves in the position of the citizens of foreign countries, which helps them broaden their understanding of the different cultures that they meet right here in the United States, and helps us understand the complexities of ethnicity and culture (Hickling, 2012). Elder Abuse is a subject that has recently been raised by different organizations and advocates that fight for the elderly and their rights. The different blogs, videos, and podcasts, are ways that a researcher can find the relevant information they need to learn more about the subject and the policies being used to combat elder abuse. The internet is the leading source of information in society today. The information by way of blogs, videos, and podcasts are all perfect ways to get and exchange information. The credibility and relevance of the information should be easy to prove and sh ould always be authenticated when using these methods for research. References Ageism, Elder Justice & The Legacy Project (April 22, 2014). Retrieved from: http://podgallery.org/elder-justice-podcast-series/ January10, 2015 Cornell University College of Human Ecology (2015). Karl Pillemer-Bio Retrieved from: http://www.human.cornell.edu/bio.cfm?netid=kap6 January 11, 2015 Department of Education and Early Childhood Development Education for Global and Multicultural Citizenship: A Strategy for Victorian Government Schools 2009-2013. Retrieved from: http://www.education.vic.gov.au/studentlearning/programs/multicultural/default.htm. January 11, 2015. Elder Abuse: The Crime of the Twenty-First Century? – Research on Aging MAY 5, 2014 University of California Television (UCTV) Retrieved from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1JoUapRfjZw January 10, 2015. Elder Care and Technology By Walton Law Firm http://www.nursinghomeabuselawyerblog.com/2014/05/elder-care-technology.html Hickling, F.W. (2012). Understanding Patients in Multicultural Settings: A Personal Reflection on Ethnicity and Culture in Clinical Practice. Ethnicity & Health, 17(1/2), 203-216. Doi:10. 1080/ 13557858.2012 655266. Retrieved from: Ashford University Library, January 14, 2015. Oxford University Press (2015) http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/us/ Scheidet, R.A. (2003). Improving Student Achievement by Infusing a Web-Based Curriculum into Global History. Journal Of Research on Technology in Education. International Society for Technology in Education, 36(1), 77-94. Retrieved from: Ashford University Library, January 14, 2015.

Pablo Picasso Biography - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1410 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2019/08/16 Category People Essay Level High school Tags: Pablo Picasso Essay Did you like this example? Pablo Picasso was born on October 25, 1881 in Malaga, Spain. As the son of an art professor he was freely able to flourish into the one of the most influential and renowned artists of the twentieth century. His father quickly recognized his sons high aptitude for the arts and helped mentor him. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Pablo Picasso Biography" essay for you Create order At the age of thirteen his father believed Pablo had surpassed his own ability and enrolled his son to study art in Madrid and Barcelona. Picasso ability stretched over a wide spectrum of media including: painting, drawing, sculpting, ceramics, and even theatrical design. As a teenager, Pablo Picasso rebelled against his art teachings, spending most of his time in Madrids Prado, a museum displaying works of El Greco and Francisco Goya. In his twenties, Picasso moved to France to endure the life of a starving artist, allowing his work grow and change as he did. His lifes work has been categorized into periods which clearly depict his mentality and challenges he was met with at the time. Today, Pablo Picassos work has led the path for realism and abstraction, Cubism, Neoclassicism, Surrealism, and Expressionism. Picassos Blue Period took place from 1901 until 1904. At this point in time the artist was living intermittently between Spain and France and was suffering from a dark clouded mental state. During this time Picasso was living in poverty and would often burn his own artwork to survive. His works often depicted the somber society in which he was immersed. The representation of malnutrition, poverty, prostitution, loneliness, and despair were often themes within his work. Throughout this period, Picassos pallet consisted of mainly blues, and green-blues, that on occasion were warmed by other colors. One of his most famous pieces from this period was the painting, La Vie. This painting was inspired by the suicide of Picassos dear friend, Carlos Casagemas, which depicted his internal torment amongst a past lover. During this phase Picassos work was greatly influenced by El Greco, featuring elongated figures. When Picasso permanently rooted in France, his work focused on lighter topics. Du ring his Rose Period, 1904-1906, it can be noted that the artists mentality had begun to improve as he seemed to escape his deep depression. At this time, Picasso had gained popularity within society and had regular patrons of his work, Gertrude and Leo Stein. The artist would often paint cheerful scenes of circus clowns and harlequins that were created in beautiful oranges and pinks. In addition, Picasso had taken bohemian artist, Fernande Olivier, as his lover and often used her as the muse of his work. One of Picassos most famous pieces from the Rose Period, is a portrait done of Gertrude Stein. The portrait depicts the patron with a pale face in a cascading black robe and matching turban, its background contrasts her face with deep red and mauve tones. Ms. Stein posed for the portrait on eighty different occasions until Picasso decided to scrap the painting unfinished. Today this piece is one of Picassos most famous portraits created through his career. Picassos relationship with the Stein siblings paved the pathway into his African Influence Period, 1907-1909. The Stein siblings hosted weekly gatherings in their home, where great modern artists and thinkers were brought together and flourish. The guests in attendance were dubbed the School of Paris and often inspired each other. At these parties, Picasso and the other friends of the School of Paris, were firs t introduced to African style of primitivism, a style that was brought into light by Paul Cezanne. The death of artist Paul Cezanne, began the cascade of influence that would shape Picassos life forever. Les Demoiselles dAvignon was Picassos first masterpiece in this new style. It depicts five women composed of flat dimensional shapes with facial features inspired by traditional African masks. The painting shattered the art world and was thought to be the most innovating work of its time. Picasso finally felt that he had freed himself with this new way of expression. He no longer tied himself down to European influence and felt courage to create his own artist pathway. This work showed the process in which Picasso elevated himself from traditional European painting into the early stages of Cubism. Picassos Cubist Period took place from 1909 until 1919. His influence from Cezanne and School of Paris friend, Henri Rousseau, fueled his fire of giving his figures more structure. With the help of his friend, Georges Braque, Picasso began to experiment with shapes and colors laying the foundation of cubism. This new style of art strayed from conventional technique of art that became popular during the Renaissance. Cubism allowed Picasso the ability to create three-dimensional objects come to life on a two-dimensional canvas. During this time, Picasso focused on using a more neut ral palate than of those in his previous periods. He often found inspiration in taking apart objects and studying their organic and inorganic shapes. Later, as Picasso began Synthetic Cubism, he experimented with different textures in order to change perception and depth. Picasso was inspired by everything that surrounded him. He often collaged newspaper or tobacco leaves into his paintings which allowed admirers to question what was real and what was painted. He also achieved this by adding vibrant colors to his works, helping Picasso to modify the decorative features of each piece. This way of art would forever change the world. After World War I, Picasso detoured away from cubism. He traveled to Italy for the first time and was inspired traditional Italian classism paintings. With his skills, he created mythological creaturesfawns, centaurs, and nymphswithin his own modern style. This tribute to classic Italian art style was referred to as Neoclassism. During this period, Picasso contributed his work to the beauty of motherhood. Inspired by the birth of his first child, he painted Woman in White. This neoclassic painting depicts a mother-to-be in a white, flowing gown. Her hair falls in romantic tousles around her face and shoulders as she stares calmly off into the distance. As the 1920s came to an end, Pablo found himself gravitating towards surrealist style art. This style consists of figures that are morphed and distorted. With new inspiration rising from a young lover, he found new liberty within his work. His piece, Reading at a Table, shows a woman with sloping features reading at a large table. Her body is small but full, this was meant by Picasso to show youth and innocence. At this time, the artist uses a spectrum of color for the paintings focal points and a deep purple background to contrast. Picassos optimism for life quickly waned as the Spanish Civil War took place in 1936. His despair was brought to life through his work as graphic images created in muted grey tones. In 1937, he created the large-scale anti-war mural, Guernica, for the Spanish Pavilion of the Exposition Universelle in Paris. This surrealist painting was created in dark black, blues and white to relay torment throughout society. One portion of the piece focuses on woman on her knees clinging onto the body of a lifeless child as she cries out to the sky. Another portion shows a body sprawled on the ground being trampled by animals in distress. This masterpiece was created to express Picassos disgust toward bombings that took place in Basque town, Guernica. As his life progressed, Picasso enjoyed creating a wide variety of media. He experimented with size and color of his paintings and sculptures. At this time in his life, Picasso began to reminisce about artists that had influenced him at a young age. F or this, he created pieces of art in each of the artists unique styles. Upon finding new love in the 1950s, Pablo returned to creating mythological figures. In his work, Fawn with Stars, he depicts in black and blue, himself as a fawn infatuated with a lovely young nymph who plays a woodland instrument. These works that were completed within his final years are referred to as Neo-Expressionism. Picasso held many art exhibits worldwide. In 1957, a retrospective exhibit held in New York, had 100,000 visitors within its first month of opening. The overwhelming number of admirers that came to appreciate his work confirmed the impact Pablo Picasso left on the world. Throughout his life, Pablo Picasso detoured from tradition and paved the way for modern art. His artistic spectrum and innovated genius allowed him to capture and entice his audience, securing himself as one of the most influential artists of the twentieth century.